Not all EC investments need to be formally justified. Each of the following is a case where formal evaluation may not be needed except
A) when the relevant data are not available, are inaccurate, or are too volatile.
B) when the value of the investment is relatively small for the organization.
C) when the EC project is mandated and must be done regardless of the costs and benefits.
D) when competitors have made that type of investment.
Answer: D